THE 65% INSTRUCTIONAL EXPENDITURE RATIO: HISTORICAL KEYSTONES AND CURRENT STATUS

Abstract

In this comprehensive literature review, empirical literature regarding the relationship of instructional expenditure ratio and student achievement was examined. This literature review was organized around the following major topics: (a) the history of the 65% instructional expenditure ratio, (b) empirical evidence for the implementation of the 65% instructional expenditure ratio, (c) empirical studies on the relationship of the instructional expenditure ratio and student achievement, and (d) the current status of the 65% instructional expenditure ratio. School districts continually face budgetary issues and knowledge of the history of the instructional ratio mandate and current status regarding monies allocated to instruction may influence decisions made by educational leaders that will influence student academic performance.